125th birth anniversary of film director Victor Fleming (1889-1949; some sources put his birth year as 1888). He directed, among others, The Wizard of Oz (1939) and Gone with the Wind (1939). Fleming won an Oscar for Gone with the Wind.
Birth anniversaries of George Frederick Handel (1685-1759), William Shirer (1904-93).
Happy Birthday! Peter Fonda, Niecy Nash, Patricia Richardson, Johnny Winter
1813 - The first U.S. raw cotton-to-cloth mill was founded in Waltham, MA.
1836 - In San Antonio, TX, the siege of the Alamo began.
1847 - Santa Anna was defeated at the Battle of Buena Vista in Mexico by U.S. troops under Gen. Zachary Taylor.
1861 - U.S. President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington to take his office after an assassination attempt in Baltimore.
1874 - Walter Winfield patented a game called "sphairistike." More widely known as lawn tennis.
1886 - Charles M. Hall completed his invention of aluminum.
1896 - The Tootsie Roll was introduced by Leo Hirshfield.
1898 - In France, Emile Zola was imprisoned for his letter, "J'accuse," which accused the government of anti-Semitism and wrongly jailing Alfred Dreyfus.
1904 - The U.S. acquired control of the Panama Canal Zone for $10 million.
1915 - Nevada began enforcing convenient divorce law.
1919 - The Fascist Party was formed in Italy by Benito Mussolini.
1927 - The Federal Radio Commission began assigning frequencies, hours of operation and power allocations for radio broadcasters. On July 1, 1934 the name was changed to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
1940 - Walt Disney's animated movie "Pinocchio" was released.
1945 - The 28th Regiment of the Fifth Marine Division of the U.S. Marines reached the top of Mount Surabachi. A photograph of these Marines raising the American flag was taken.
1954 - The first mass vaccination of children against polio began in Pittsburgh, PA.
1958 - Juan Fangio, 5-time world diving champion, was kidnapped by Cuban rebels.
1963 - The 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. It prohibited poll taxes in federal elections.
1997 - Ali Hassan Abu Kamal, a Palestinian teacher, opened fire on the 86th-floor observation deck of New York City's Empire State Building. He killed one person and wounded six more before killing himself.
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