0241 BC - The Roman fleet sank 50 Carthaginian ships in the Battle of Aegusa.
0049 BC - Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon and invaded Italy.
1496 - Christopher Columbus concluded his second visit to the Western Hemisphere when he left Hispaniola for Spain.
1776 - "Common Sense" by Thomas Paine was published.
1848 - The U.S. Senate ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war with Mexico.
1876 - Alexander Graham Bell made the first successful call with the telephone. He spoke the words "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."
1893 - New Mexico State University canceled its first graduation ceremony because the only graduate was robbed and killed the night before.
1924 - The U.S. Supreme Court upheld a New York state law forbidding late-night work for wome
n. 1927 - Prussia lifted its Nazi ban allowing Adolf Hitler to speak in public.
1945 - American B-29 bombers attacked Tokyo, Japan, 100,000 were killed.
1949 - Nazi wartime broadcaster Mildred E. Gillars, also known as "Axis Sally," was convicted in Washington, DC. Gillars was convicted of treason and served 12 years in prison.
2002 - The Associated Press reported that the Pentagon informed the U.S. Congress in January that it was making contingency plans for the possible use of nuclear weapons against countries that threaten the U.S. with weapons of mass destruction, including Iraq and North Korea.
2003 - North Korea test-fired a short-range missile. The event was one of several in a patter of unusual military maneuvers.
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