In 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad began. During the five-monthlong battle, the city of 500,000 dwindled to a population of 1,515.
Anniversary of the beginning of the Vietnam conflict: a team of Free French parachuted into southern Indochina in response to a successful coup by a communist guerilla named Ho Chi Minh in the French colony (1945).
Birth anniversary of author and friend of libraries Ray Bradbury (1920-2012).
Birth anniversaries of Claude Debussy (1862-1918), Samuel Pierpont Langley (1834-1906), and Leni Riefenstahl (1902-2003).
Happy Birthday! Valerie Harper, Bill Parcells, Cindy Williams
1485 - The War of the Roses ended with the death of England's King Richard III. He was killed in the Battle of Bosworth Field. His successor was Henry V II.
1770 - Australia was claimed under the British crown when Captain James Cook landed there.
1865 - A patent for liquid soap was issued to William Sheppard.
1906 - The Victor Talking Machine Company of Camden, NJ began to manufacture the Victrola. The hand-cranked unit, with horn cabinet, sold for $200.
1910 - Japan formally annexed Korea.
1941 - Nazi troops reached the outskirts of Leningrad during World War II.
1950 - Althea Gibson became the first black tennis player to be accepted into a national competition.
1973 - Henry Kissinger was named Secretary of State by U.S. President Nixon. Kissinger won the Nobel Peace Prize in the same year.
1984 - The last Volkswagen Rabbit rolled off the assembly line in New Stanton, PA.
1986 - Kerr-McGee Corp. agreed to pay the estate of the late Karen Silkwood $1.38 million to settle a 10-year-old nuclear contamination lawsuit.
1996 - U.S. President Clinton signed legislation that ended guaranteed cash payments to the poor and demanded work from recipients.
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