William Gladstone 1809
- 1812 - The USS Constitution won a battle with the British ship HMS Java about 30 miles off the coast of Brazil. Before Commodore William Bainbridge ordered the sinking of the Java he had her wheel removed to replace the one the Constitution had lost during the battle.
- 1813 - The British burned Buffalo, NY, during the War of 1812.
- 1845 - U.S. President James Polk and signed legislation making Texas the 28th state of the United States.
- 1911 - Sun Yat-sen became the first president of a republican China.
- 1934 - Japan renounced the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.
- 1940 - During World War II, Germany began dropping incendiary bombs on London.
- 1952 - The first transistorized hearing aid was offered for sale by Sonotone Corporation.
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