Karl Marx 1818 - Socialist writer ("Das Kapital", "The Communist Manifesto"), founder of communism
- 1862 - The Battle of Puebla took place. It is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo Day.
- 1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified, abolishing slavery in the U.S.
- 1892 - The U.S. Congress extended the Geary Chinese Exclusion Act for 10 more years. The act required Chinese in the U.S. to be registered or face deportation.
- 1912 - Soviet Communist Party newspaper Pravda began publishing.
- 1917 - Eugene Jacques Bullard becomes the first African-American aviator when he earned his flying certificate with the French Air Service.
- 1925 - John T. Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, TN, was arrested for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution.
- 1945 - A Japanese balloon bomb exploded on Gearhart Mountain in Oregon. A pregnant woman and five children were killed.
- 1961 - Alan Shepard became the first American in space when he made a 15 minute suborbital flight.
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