James Thurber 1894
- 1854 - Pope Pius IX proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The theory holds that Mary, mother of Jesus, was free of original sin from the moment she was conceived.
- 1863 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln announced his plan for the Reconstruction of the South.
- 1941 - The United States entered World War II when it declared war against Japan. The act came one day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Britain and Canada also declared war on Japan.
- 1949 - The Chinese Nationalist government moved from the Chinese mainland to Formosa due to Communists pressure.
- 1980 - Zimbabwe’s manpower minister, Edgar Tekere, was found guilty in the killing of a white farmer. He was freed under a law that protected ministers acting to suppress terrorism.
- 1987 - The "intefadeh" (Arabic for uprising) by Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied territories began.
- 1991 - Russia, Byelorussia and Ukraine declared the Soviet national government to be dead. They forged a new alliance to be known as the Commonwealth of Independent States. The act was denounced by Russian President Gorbachev as unconstitutional.
- 1993 - U.S. President Clinton signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
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