William Shirer 1904 - Journalist, author ("The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich", "Gandhi: A Memoir")
- 1836 - In San Antonio, TX, the siege of the Alamo began.
- 1847 - Santa Anna was defeated at the Battle of Buena Vista in Mexico by U.S. troops under Gen. Zachary.
- 1886 - Charles M. Hall completed his invention of aluminum.
- 1896 - The Tootsie Roll was introduced by Leo Hirshfield.
- 1898 - In France, Emile Zola was imprisoned for his letter, "J'accuse," which accused the government of anti-Semitism and wrongly jailing Alfred Dreyfus.
- 1945 - The 28th Regiment of the Fifth Marine Division of the U.S. Marines reached the top of Mount Surabachi. A photograph of these Marines raising the American flag was taken.
- 1954 - The first mass vaccination of children against polio began in Pittsburgh, PA.
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