Birth anniversaries of Saul Bellow (1915-2005), Judy Garland (1922-1969), Hattie McDaniel (1889-1952)
Happy 93rd Birthday, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh!
Happy Birthday! John Edwards, Bobby Jindal, Tara Lipinski
1801 - The North African State of Tripoli declared war on the U.S. The dispute was over merchant vessels being able to travel safely through the Mediterranean.
1854 - The U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD, held its first graduation.
1898 - U.S. Marines landed in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
1902 - The "outlook" or "see-through" envelope was patented by Americus F. Callahan.
1909 - The SOS distress signal was used for the first time. The Cunard liner SS Slavonia used the signal when it wrecked off the Azores.
1920 - The Republican convention in Chicago endorsed woman suffrage.
1935 - Alcoholic Anonymous was founded by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.
1940 - Italy declared war on France and Britain. In addition, Canada declared war on Italy.
1943 - Laszlo Biro patented his ballpoint pen. Biro was a Hungarian journalist.
1948 - Chuck Yeager exceeded the speed of sound in the Bell XS-1.
1971 - The U.S. ended a 21-year trade embargo of China.
1990 - The Civic Forum movement won Czechoslovakia's first free elections since 1946. The movement was founded by President Vaclav Havel.
1994 - U.S. President Clinton intensified sanctions against Haiti's military leaders. U.S. commercial air travel was suspended along with most financial transactions between Haiti and theU.S.
1998 - The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that poor children in Milwaukee could attend religious schools at taxpayer expense.